How does Single Sign-On(SSO) work?

Single Sign-On (SSO) is a method of authentication that allows users to access multiple applications or systems with just one set of login credentials (username and password). It simplifies the login process and enhances user experience while improving security. Here's how SSO typically works:

User Attempts to Access a Resource:
The user initiates the login process by attempting to access a protected resource, such as an application, website, or system.

Redirect to Identity Provider (IdP):
Instead of entering their credentials directly into the resource's login page, the user is redirected to an Identity Provider (IdP). The IdP is a centralized authentication system that manages user identities and credentials.

User Authentication at IdP:
At the IdP's login page, the user enters their single set of credentials (username and password) or uses another authentication method configured by the organization, such as multi-factor authentication (MFA).

IdP Validates User Credentials:
The IdP validates the user's credentials against its authentication database or directory (e.g., Active Directory, LDAP, SAML, OAuth, OpenID Connect, etc.).

Issuance of SSO Token:
Upon successful authentication, the IdP generates a secure and encrypted SSO token or assertion that contains information about the user's identity and authentication status.

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